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Home > Notes to the Financial Statements for the year ended 30 June 2004 > 1. Significant accounting policies

1. Significant accounting policies

The following accounting policies have been adopted in the preparation of the financial statements.

General statement
The financial statements constitute a general purpose financial report which has been prepared in accordance with Accounting Standards, Statements of Accounting Concepts and other authoritative pronouncements of the Australian Accounting Standards Board, and Urgent Issues Group (UIG) consensus views as applied by the Treasurer’s Instructions. Several of these are modified by the Treasurer’s Instructions to vary application, disclosure, format and wording. The Financial Administration and Audit Act and the Treasurer’s Instructions are legislative provisions governing the preparation of financial statements and take precedence over Accounting Standards, Statements of Accounting Concepts and other authoritative pronouncements of the Australian Accounting Standards Board, and UIG consensus views.

The modifications are intended to fulfil the requirements of general application to the public sector, together with the need for greater disclosure and also to satisfy accountability requirements.

If any such modification has a material or significant financial effect upon the reported results, details of that modification and, where practicable, the resulting financial effect are disclosed in individual notes to these financial statements.

Basis of accounting
The financial statements have been prepared on the accrual basis of accounting using the historical cost convention, except for certain assets and liabilities which, as noted, are measured at fair value.

a) Output appropriations
Output Appropriations are recognised as revenues in the period in which the PTA gains control of the appropriated funds. The PTA gains control of appropriated funds at the time those funds are deposited into the PTA’s bank account or credited to the holding account held at the Department of Treasury and Finance.

b) Contributed equity
Under UIG 38 “Contributions by Owners Made to Wholly-Owned Public Sector Entities” transfers in the nature of equity contributions must be designated by the Government (owners) as contributions by owners (at the time of, or prior to transfer) before such transfers can be recognised as equity contributions in the financial statement. Capital contributions (appropriations) and the non-discretionary transfer of net assets from other government agents have been designated as contributions by owners and have been credited directly to contributed equity in the Statement of Financial Position.

c) Grants and other contributions revenue
Grants, donations, gifts and other non-reciprocal contributions are recognised as revenue when the PTA obtains control over the assets comprising the contributions. Control is normally obtained upon their receipt.

Contributions are recognised at their fair value. Contributions of services are only recognised when a fair value can be reliably determined and the services would be purchased if not donated.

d) Revenue recognition
Revenue from the provision of services, goods and disposal of other assets, is recognised when the PTA has provided the services, goods or other assets to the customer.

e) Acquisitions of assets
The cost method of accounting is used for all acquisitions of assets. Cost is measured as the fair value of the assets given up or liabilities undertaken at the date of acquisition plus incidental costs directly attributable to the acquisition.

Assets acquired at no cost or for nominal consideration, are initially recognised at their fair value at
the date of acquisition.

f) Depreciation of non-current assets
All non-current assets having a limited useful life are systematically depreciated over their estimated useful lives in a manner which reflects the consumption of their future economic benefits.

Depreciation is calculated on the straight line basis, using rates which are reviewed annually. Expected useful lives for each class of depreciable asset are:

Class of asset Useful life
Buildings 30 to 40 years
Rollingstock 30 years
Infrastructure 15 to 75 years
Plant and equipment 10 to 15 years
Buses 7 to 18 years
Motor vehicles 5 to 10 years
Vessels 10 years
Office equipment 3 to 5 years
Software 3 years

Assets under construction are not depreciated until commissioned.

Work underway on the city component
of the New MetroRail project

g) Revaluation of non-current assets
Methodology
Property, plant, equipment and vehicles are valued at fair value, being the amounts for which assets could be exchanged between willing parties in an arm’s-length transaction. Valuation methods are applied to suit the specific circumstances of each class of assets.

Valuation
Land controlled by the PTA, including metropolitan and regional corridor land, not subject to commercial lease, was independently valued by the Valuer General’s Office as at 1 July 2003.

Land and buildings which are commercially leased were independently valued based on the
capitalised value of current leases as at 1 July 2003.

Rollingstock, permanent way, plant, equipment and vehicles were valued by the PTA’s engineering and management professionals based on the written-down value of the current cost to replace the asset with a modern equivalent asset capable of delivering the same service potential. The written-down value was determined by calculating the unexpired component of each asset’s total useful life.

The freight network infrastructure, subject to a 49-year prepaid lease that commenced in December 2000, was valued by independent expert, based on the present value of the unearned lease income at 1 July 2003.

h) Leases
The PTA’s rights and obligations under finance leases, which are leases that effectively transfer to the PTA substantially all of the risks and benefits incident to ownership of the leased items, are initially recognised as assets and liabilities equal in amount to the present value of the minimum lease payments. The assets are disclosed as plant, equipment and vehicles under lease, and are depreciated to the Statement of Financial Performance over the period during which the PTA is expected to benefit from use of the leased assets. Minimum lease payments are allocated between interest expense and reduction of the lease liability, according to the interest rate implicit in the lease.

Finance lease liabilities are allocated between current and non-current components. The principal component of lease payments due on or before the end of the succeeding year is disclosed as a current liability, and the remainder of the lease liability is disclosed as a non-current liability.

The PTA has entered into a number of operating lease arrangements where the lessor effectively retains all of the risks and benefits incident to ownership of the items held under the operating leases. Equal instalments of the lease payments are charged to the Statement of Financial Performance over the lease term as this is representative of the pattern of benefits to be derived from the leased assets.

i) Prepaid lease revenue
The sale of the Westrail freight business on 17 December 2000 included an operating lease of the freight network infrastructure for 49 years between WAGRC and Westnet Rail Pty Ltd. The lease rentals were fully prepaid on 17 December 2000, and credited to deferred operating lease revenue. The annual rental from this lease is recognised as revenue, together with an associated interest expense, in accordance with net present value principles using a nominal discount rate that recognises the real discount rate and underlying inflation.

j) Cash
For the purpose of the Statement of Cash Flows, cash includes cash assets and restricted cash assets
net of outstanding bank overdrafts.

k) Inventories
Inventories are valued at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Costs are assigned by the method most appropriate to each particular class of inventory, with the majority being valued on a weighted average cost basis.

l) Receivables
Receivables are recognised at the amounts receivable as they are due for settlement generally no more than 30 days from the date of recognition.

Collectability of receivables is reviewed on an ongoing basis. Debts which are known to be uncollectable are written off.A provision for doubtful debts is raised where some doubts as to collection exists.

m) Intangible assets and expenditure carried forward
Software
Significant costs associated with the acquisition or development of computer software are capitalised and amortised on a straight-line basis over the periods of the expected benefit, which varies from three to five years.

Transwa's Elizabeth Halden

Website costs
Costs in relation to websites controlled by the PTA are charged as expenses in the period in which they are incurred.

n) Payables
Payables, including accruals not yet billed, are recognised when the PTA becomes obliged to make future payments as a result of a purchase of assets or services. Payables are generally settled within 30 days.

o) Interest-bearing liabilities
Loans are recorded at an amount equal to the net proceeds received. Borrowing costs expense is
recognised on an accrual basis.

p) Employee benefits
Annual leave
This benefit is recognised at the reporting date in respect to employees’ services up to that date and is measured at the nominal amounts expected to be paid when the liabilities are settled.

Long service leave
The liability for long service leave expected to be settled within 12 months of the reporting date is recognised in the provisions for employee benefits, and is measured at the nominal amounts expected to be paid when the liability is settled. The liability for long service leave expected to be settled more than 12 months from the reporting date is recognised in the provisions for employee benefits and is measured at the present value of expected future payments to be made in respect of services provided by employees up to the reporting date. Consideration is given, when assessing expected future payments, to expected future wage and salary levels including relevant on-costs, experience of employee departures and periods of service. Expected future payments are discounted using market yields at the reporting date on national government bonds with terms to maturity and currency that match, as closely as possible, the estimated future cash outflows.

Superannuation
Staff may contribute to the Pension Scheme, a defined benefits pension scheme now closed to new members, or to the Gold State Superannuation Scheme, a defined benefit lump sum scheme now also closed to new members. All staff who do not contribute to either of these schemes become noncontributory members of the West State Superannuation Scheme, an accumulation fund complying with the Commonwealth Government’s Superannuation Guarantee (Administration) Act 1992. All of these schemes are administered by the Government Employees Superannuation Board (GESB).

The liability for superannuation charges incurred under the Pension Scheme, together with the pretransfer service liability for employees who transferred to the Gold State Superannuation Scheme, has been assumed by the Treasurer.

The liabilities for superannuation charges under the Gold State Superannuation Scheme and West State Superannuation Scheme are extinguished by payment of employer contributions to the GESB.

Employee benefit on-costs
Employee benefit on-costs, including payroll tax, are recognised and included in employee benefit liabilities and costs when the employee benefits to which they relate are recognised as liabilities and expenses.

q) Accrued salaries
Accrued salaries represent the amount due to staff but unpaid at the end of the financial year, as the end of the last pay period for that financial year did not coincide with the end of the financial year. The PTA considers the carrying amount approximates net fair value.

r) Resources received free of charge or for nominal value
Resources received free of charge or for nominal value which can be reliably measured are recognised as revenues and as assets or expenses as appropriate at fair value.

s) Foreign currency translation and hedges
Transactions denominated in a foreign currency are translated at the rates in existence at the dates of the transactions. Foreign currency monetary items that are outstanding at reporting date are translated at exchange rates current at reporting date. Except as stated in the following paragraph, resulting exchange gains and losses are brought to account in determining the result for the year.

Forward foreign exchange contracts are entered into as hedges to avoid or minimise possible adverse financial effects of movements in exchange rates. Exchange gains and losses and costs arising from these contracts are deferred and included in the determination of the amounts at which the transactions are brought to account.

t) Comparative figures
The PTA was established on 1 July 2003 and consequently comparative figures are not available.

u) Rounding of amounts
Amounts in the financial statements have been rounded to the nearest thousand dollars.

 

Transwa’s Josephine Celenza,Mirka Di Salvio, Paul Nayler and Steve McCullaugh

 

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